Koktepa

An Iron Age city

Koktepa lies in Payariq District between the villages of Batrak and Shamat, beside an old bed of the Bulungursay; locals call the mound Sayiltepa. It is a square city of about 23 hectares whose walls and four gateways are still traceable, while an outer rampart enclosed nearly 100 hectares. Some scholars identify it with Gabae, a city named by classical authors. The mound has been known since the 1970s, but only in the 1990s did researchers realise that its lowest layers date from the early Iron Age.

A joint Uzbek-French expedition has excavated here since 1993. The city went through three phases: an early Iron Age settlement with hand-made painted pottery; an urban phase with a temple on a raised platform and a ruler's palace; and a Hellenistic layer following Alexander's campaigns, after which the site was abandoned.

In 2000 the team opened the rich grave of a woman aged 25–35. Her dress was hemmed with 345 gold appliqués, her headdress sewn with glass beads and her belt set with turquoise-inlaid gold plaques, while a Han-dynasty Chinese mirror dated the burial to the 1st century BC or AD.